Lynching by State and Race 1882-1962
| State |
Whites |
Blacks |
Total |
| Alabama |
48 |
299 |
347* |
| Arizona |
31 |
0 |
31 |
| Arkansas |
58 |
226 |
284* |
| California |
41 |
2 |
43 |
| Colorado |
66 |
2 |
68 |
| Delaware |
0 |
1 |
1 |
| Florida |
24 |
257 |
282* |
| Georgia |
39 |
491 |
530* |
| Idaho |
20 |
0 |
20 |
| Illinois |
15 |
19 |
34 |
| Indiana |
33 |
14 |
47 |
| Iowa |
17 |
2 |
19 |
| Kansas |
35 |
19 |
54 |
| Kentucky |
63 |
142 |
205* |
| Louisiana |
56 |
335 |
391* |
| Maryland |
2 |
27 |
29 |
| Michigan |
7 |
1 |
8 |
| Minnesota |
5 |
4 |
9 |
| Mississippi |
40 |
538 |
578* |
| Missouri |
53 |
69 |
122* |
| Montana |
82 |
2 |
84 |
| Nebraska |
52 |
5 |
57 |
| Nevada |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| New Jersey |
0 |
1 |
1 |
| New Mexico |
33 |
3 |
36 |
| New York |
1 |
1 |
2 |
| North Carolina |
15 |
85 |
100* |
| North Dakota |
13 |
3 |
16 |
| Ohio |
10 |
16 |
26 |
| Oklahoma |
82 |
40 |
122* |
| Oregon |
20 |
1 |
21 |
| Pennsylvania |
2 |
6 |
8 |
| South Carolina |
4 |
156 |
160 |
| South Dakota |
27 |
0 |
27 |
| Tennessee |
47 |
204 |
251* |
| Texas |
141 |
352 |
493* |
| Utah |
6 |
2 |
8 |
| Vermont |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| Virginia |
17 |
83 |
100* |
| Washington |
25 |
1 |
26 |
| West Virginia |
20 |
28 |
48 |
| Wisconsin |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| Wyoming |
30 |
5 |
35 |
| Total |
1,294 |
3,442 |
4,736 |
* Mostly states of the Old Confederacy, with
Mississippi,
Georgia, and Texas the worst of the lot.
* * *
* *
Note: Most of the lynching
occurs in the states of Alabama (132), Arkansas (127), Florida (170), Louisiana
(172), Mississippi (245), and Texas (over 200). These states used to be
dominated by the Democratic Party. Today they are dominated by the Republican
Party.
Walter Francis White
(July 1, 1893, Atlanta, Georgia – March 21, 1955, New York, New York) was an
African American who became a spokesman for his community in the United
States for almost a quarter of a century, and served as executive secretary
(1931–1955) of the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He graduated
from Atlanta University in 1916 (now
Clark Atlanta University). In 1918 he joined the small national staff of
the NAACP in New York at the invitation of
James Weldon Johnson. White acted as Johnson's assistant national
secretary. In 1931 he succeeded him at the helm of the NAACP.
White oversaw the plans and
organizational structure of the fight against public segregation. Under his
leadership, the NAACP set up the
Legal Defense Fund, which raised numerous legal challenges to
segregation and disfranchisement, and achieved many successes. Among these
was the Supreme Court ruling in
Brown v. Board of Education, which determined that segregated
education was inherently unequal. He was the virtual author of President
Truman's presidential order desegregating the armed forces after the Second
World War. White also quintupled NAACP membership to nearly 500,000.In
addition to his NAACP work, White was a journalist, novelist, and essayist,
and influential in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s.
Wikipedia.
The corpses of five
African American males, Nease Gillepsie, John Gillepsie,
"Jack" Dillingham, Henry Lee, and George Irwin with
onlookers.
August 6, 1906. Salisbury, North Carolina.
Gelatin silver print. Real photo postcard. 3 1/2 x 5 1/2
in
FROM
KLUTTZ'S STUDIO E. Council St., near Court House, SALISBURY,
N.C.
The mob numbered into the thousands that wrenched five black men
from the civil authorities of Salisbury, North Carolina on the
night of August 3, 1906. They accused the men of murdering
members of a local family, named Lyerly.
The New York Times reported that the victims were
tortured with knives before being hanged and then riddled with
bullets. The authorities in North Carolina, alarmed at
what was one of the largest multiple lynchings of the 20th
century, took unusual steps to punish the leaders of the mob. |
 |
After the Governor ordered the National Guard to restore order,
local officials arrested more than two-dozen suspected leaders.
One of the killers, George Hall, was convicted and sentenced to
15 years at a hard labor in the state penitentiary. The
New York Times predicted that, by taking these measures,
North Carolina's Governor Glenn was not improving his political
prospects.
Source:
Withoutsanctuary
* * *
* *
|
Blood
in Their Eyes
By
Grif Stockley
Blood in Their Eyes is required reading for every
Arkansas lawyer, because this time Grif Stockley reviews the work of a
real Gideon Page, a black lawyer named Scipio Jones who read law to
become licensed and became one of Arkansas' outstanding lawyers. Jones
is credited with one of the most important cases in American history, Moore
v. Dempsey 261 U.S. 86(1923), and standing alone many times, saved
the lives of 12 innocent, albeit convicted, black sharecroppers from
Elaine, Arkansas.
The Elaine race riot, as history until now
has called it, is an awful blemish on Arkansas history. It is such a
blemish that most historians have treated it lightly or shied away from
it. But Grif Stockley, an outstanding Arkansas lawyer in his own right,
is not known for shying away from much of anything, and he tackles the
issue head on in his first writing on Arkansas history. In typical
lawyer fashion Stockley analyzes the facts and writes his brief in
Blood in Their Eyes. |
 |
* *
* * *
|
 |
Otis G. Clark survivor of 1921 Tulsa
race riot dies at 109—Matt Schudel—26
May 2012—For years, few people dared to
speak about what happened on the night
of May 31, 1921, during
one of the most deadly and devastating
race riots in the nation’s history.
Otis G. Clark, who was 18 at the time,
had grown up in Greenwood, a thriving
African American section of Tulsa.
During a night that history almost
forgot, Mr. Clark dodged bullets, raced
through alleys to escape armed mobs and
saw his family’s home burned to the
ground. He fled Tulsa on a freight train
headed north. He would eventually move
to Los Angeles, where he was the butler
in the home of movie star Joan Crawford.
He later turned to preaching and was
known as the “world’s oldest
evangelist.” But for nine decades, he
remained a living witness to a night of
horror, when Greenwood died. Mr. Clark
died May 21 in Seattle at age 109,
family members told the Tulsa World
newspaper. The cause of death was not
disclosed. . . . A state commission
finally issued
a report on the riot in 2001.
|
Otis
Granville Clark was born Feb. 13, 1903, in Meridian,
Okla., four years before Oklahoma became a state.
His father worked for the railroad. In a 2009
interview for a
Tulsa oral history project, Mr. Clark said one
of his jobs as a boy was selling vegetables and
groceries to a house occupied by what he called
“sportin’ women.”—WashingtonPost
/
Tulsaworld /
adlercent
Otis G. Clark was born on February 13, 1903, in
Oklahoma. At the time, Oklahoma was still Indian
Territory and it did not become a state until 1907.
At the age of 18, Otis was caught in the "1921
Tulsa Race Riot" in the Greenwood District of Tulsa,
Oklahoma. Greenwood, at the time, was a mecca for
African-Americans who, due to the oil boom, owned
their own successful businesses. Otis fled Tulsa,
riding the rails to California, seeking his
biological father.—adlercentenarians
* * *
* *
* *
* * *
 |
The Burning: Massacre, Destruction, and
the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921
By Tim Madigan
Journalist Madigan (See
No Evil: Blind Devotion and Bloodshed
in David Koresh's Holy War)
here tackles one of America's worst race
riots, chronicling the shocking events
of May 31 and June 1, 1921 when a white
mob numbering in the thousands
obliterated the African American
community of Greenwood, OK, near Tulsa.
Race riots and tensions were very common
after World War I, but what makes the
Greenwood incident unique was the
unheard-of organization of the mob and
the completeness of the destruction (35
city blocks systematically burned and
destroyed along with hundreds of
casualties). Though it is arguably
America's worst race riot, surprisingly
little has been written about it in the
mainstream press. For this work, Madigan
relied on taped interviews of survivors
and witnesses, newspaper accounts,
scholarly papers and theses, and
interviews with the descendants of
survivors. What results is a highly
readable account of the circumstances
and history surrounding the event and
its aftermath. Truly an eye-opening
book, this is essential reading for
anyone struggling to understand race
relations in America. Highly recommended
for public and academic libraries.—Library
Journal |
|
Across That Bridge: Life Lessons and a
Vision for Change
By
John Lewis
The Civil Rights Movement gave rise to
the protest culture we know today, and
the experiences of leaders like
Congressman Lewis have never been more
relevant. Now, more than ever, this
nation needs a strong and moral voice to
guide an engaged population through
visionary change. Congressman John Lewis
was a leader in the American Civil
Rights Movement. He was chairman of the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) and played a key role
in the struggle to end segregation.
Despite more than forty arrests,
physical attacks, and serious injuries,
John Lewis remained a devoted advocate
of the philosophy of nonviolence. He is
the author of his autobiography,
Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of a
Movement, and is the recipient
of numerous awards from national and
international institutions, including
the Lincoln Medal; the John F. Kennedy
“Profile in Courage” Lifetime
Achievement Award (the only one of its
kind ever awarded); the NAACP Spingarn
Medal; and the Presidential Medal of
Freedom, the highest civilian honor,
among many others. |
 |
*
* * * *
 |
The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali
By Ian Gibson
In his detailed and excellent book on Dali, Ian Gibson has documented Dali’s identification with fascism in Spain from the very beginning. During the civil war, Dali never came out in support of the Republic. He did not collaborate, for example, in the Paris Fair in 1937, where Picasso presented his Guernica, aimed at raising funds for the Republican cause. And he soon made explicit his sympathies for the fascist coup of 1936 and for the dictatorship that it established in a letter to Buñuel, a well-known filmmaker in Spain. He made explicit and known his admiration for the figure and writing of the founder of the Spanish fascist party (La Falange), José Antonio Primo de Rivera, and used in his speeches and writings the fascist narrative and expressions (such as the fascist call “Arriba España”), referring to the special role Spain had in promoting the imperial dreams over other nations. He sympathized with the anti-Semitic views of Hitler and celebrated Franco’s alliance with Hitler and Mussolini against France, Great Britain and the United States. He also welcomed the “solution to the national problem” in vogue in Nazi and fascist circles at that time. Dali became the major defender of the Franco dictatorship in the artistic world.
|
He
was also, as Spanish fascism was, very close to the Church and
to the Vatican of Pope Pius XII, indicating that modern art
needed to be based on Christianity. His loyalty to the fascist
dictatorship continued to the very end, defending the state
terrorist policies that included political assassinations, even
in the last moments of that dictatorship.—counterpunch
* * * * *
The White Masters
of the World
From
The World and Africa, 1965
By W. E. B. Du Bois
W. E. B. Du Bois’
Arraignment and Indictment of White Civilization
(Fletcher)
* * *
* *
Ancient African Nations
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Only a Pawn in Their Game
Rev. Jesse Lee Peterson Thanks America for Slavery /
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Hurricane Carter
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Haitian Declaration of Independence 1804
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