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Obama Bombs Africa: Targets African
Unity
By Sekou Nkrumah
Chairman of the Pan-African Improvement Organization
and
Akili Mosi Secka
Organizer,
People’s Committee, PANIO
In an article
written on 9th July 2009, in the Insight Newspaper
we quoted Obama, then U.S. Senator. He gave the Leon
Sullivan Foundation a response to their
Presidential Town Hall Meeting Africa Questionnaire
in October 2007. Obama stated
Africom, “should serve to coordinate and synchronize
our military activities with our objectives in Africa.”
He went on to say, “there will be situations that
require the United States to work with its partners in
Africa to fight terrorism with lethal force.” Thus
asserting, “having a unified command operating in Africa
will facilitate this action.”
We contend that by
bombing Libya, beginning on 19 March 2011, Obama is not
fighting terrorism, but as we entitled our 9 July 2009
article, “Obama
Brings International State Terrorism to Ghana,” he
is actually targeting African unity with international
state terrorism through Africom for Libya’s oil. In a
statement made by
Vice Admiral Robert Moeller, the deputy of Africom,
on 28 February 2008, speaking at an Africom conference
held at the
National Defense University at Fort Mcnair, he
declared, “the free flow of natural resources from
Africa to the global market was one of Africom’s guiding
principles and oil disruption is a major challenge to
U.S. interest in Africa.”
Obama represents a
settler colonial state that exterminated over 100
million Indigenous People of the Western Hemisphere. He
is a representative of the most rapacious class that has
ever existed in the history of mankind, the U.S.
capitalist class. He is the Commander in Chief of a
sadistic war machine unlike the world has ever seen.
Obama is waging war on Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and
Libya. His ultimate objective is to take control over
the resources, in particular oil, in Africa, on behalf
of the European capitalist class of the U.S. and Europe.
U.S. Imperialism Attacks Pan
Africanism and Libya for Oil
In Africa the U.S.
has historically since World War II applied this
strategy of terrorism and taking resources through the
machinations of
neocolonialism to prevent African unity
(Pan
Africanism and
socialism). The bombing of Libya is a continuation
of this policy. Libya is Africa’s last Pan
Africanist
and socialist state in Africa, and like a vampire who
hasn’t seen a human in years, Obama and European
imperialism are salivating at the possibility of sucking
its oil.
To illustrate the
point even further the population of the U.S. is 300
million, which is only 5% of the world’s population of
six billion, yet it consumes 30% of the world’s
production of oil. The U.S. produces 5.9 million
barrels of oil a day and imports 17.1 million barrels of
oil a day. This means that 74% of the United States oil
consumption comes from other countries. The world
produces 80 million barrels of oil a day. Libya ranks
15th in the world in production of oil—it produces 2
million barrels of oil a day. Therefore, from these
facts a logical deduction can be made that U.S.
consumption of oil is out of proportion to its own
production. This suggests that U.S. deficiency in the
production of oil causes it to use any means necessary
for taking other countries oil for its own consumption
levels, which is the most significant factor for the
current bombing by Obama of Libya today.
If we take a
cursory look at history we can see how U.S. policy and
European imperialism has overtly and covertly destroyed
Pan Africanist and socialist regimes in Africa. The
murder of Pan
Africanist Patrice Lumumba by the U.S. CIA
in 1960, the CIA sponsored counter revolution leading to
the overthrow of
Kwame Nkrumah’s government in 1966. The
destabilization from 1975 onward of
Mozambique by U.S. and apartheid South Africa who
backed
RENAMO, and
Angola
by
U.S. CIA and apartheid South Africa who backed
UNITA,
forcing of multi party political system and preventing
the development of socialism by
Frelimo
and the MPLA.
Coercing the
SWAPO
(Southwest People’s Organization) to abandon its Pan
Africanistand socialist policies in
Namibia
before granting them independence in 1992, blocking the
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania from coming to
power in South Africa in 1994, destruction of socialism
in the 1980s in
Somalia
and
Ethiopia, forcing
Eritrea
to abandon socialism after the
EPLF took power in 1990, squeezing
Julius Nyerere to the point of abandoning socialism
in
Tanzania, after the death of Revolutionary Pan-Africanist
and socialist
Abdul Nasser of Egypt U.S. imperialism installed
Anwar
Sadat a reactionary with bribes, who retained the
second largest amount of military assistance from the
U.S. so as to cow tow to the menace of the middle east
Zionist
Israel, the coup d’etat against
Ben Bella of Algeria in 1964, the coup d’etat
against the Pan
Africanist
Modibo Keita of Mali in 1968, the murder of
Amilcar Cabral of Guinea Bissau in 1972 as a Pan
Africanist of
African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde
(PAIGC) before the country was to declare independence,
and the overthrow of the
Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG) in 1984, after the
death of
President Sekou Toure.
From these
historical facts of the attacks on genuine Pan
Africanist and socialist states and African
revolutionaries by U.S. and European imperialism, one
can see that
Obama’s recent bombing of Libya coincides with the
prevention of Africa from obtaining unity and socialism;
a means by which the working mass can take control of
their resources as the last stage in the defeat of
neocolonialism in the quest for freedom. These are
the same neocolonial forces with Obama at its head that
are attacking Zimbabwe, have bombed and split
Sudan
into two, and invaded, bombed, and wreaked havoc in
Somalia.
In 1986, the U.S.
under the
Reagan regime bombed Libya for the very reason to
take Libya’s oil. After the
revolution of 1 September 1969, the Libyan masses
took their oil from British Petroleum in 1971, the
Nelson Bunker Hunt Co. in 1973 (which was producing
209,475 barrels of oil daily), and Occidental, Essi,
Mobil Oil, and Esso in 1974. Qathafi nationalized the
oil under the
Libyan National Oil Corporation and distributed the
revenue accumulated from the oil to the masses, the same
as
Kwame Nkrumah’s government in the 1950s and 1960s.
U.S. and British capitalists and policy makers never
forgave Kwame Nkrumah nor
Mummar Qathafi for taking the people’s resources
back from them and distributing them to the working
masses, so the CIA overthrow of Nkrumah is in line with
the reactionary tribalist movement of Libyan’s trying to
overthrow Qathafi and Obama’s bombing of Libya today.
Nkrumah’s Ghana and Qathafi’s
Libya
To properly analyze
the Obama led U.S. imperialist attack on Libya we can
point to the similarities of Nkrumah’s Ghana and
Qathafi’s Libya. According to the
Libyan Great Green Charter of Human Rights of the
Jamahiriyan Era, “Democracy means popular power, not
popular expression,” this is very similar to the 1960
Constitution of Ghana, Part 1, which states, “Powers of
the People.” In both systems democracy means “rule of
the majority, not “expression” or “representation” of
the majority, which is an expression of imperialist
bourgeois democracy, and imposed on Ghana after 24
February 1966 CIA backed overthrow of Nkrumah, and other
neocolonial puppet states. Nkrumah’s Ghana and
Qathafi’s Libya both practice socialism as their
economic systems which ensure the rule of the majority
by establishing collective ownership of the means of
production and distribution of wealth; this insures
economic independence with the masses owning,
controlling, and ranking highest in distribution of
wealth from the nations’ resources.
Independence of Thought and
Practice
Both the Ghanaian
and Libyan systems are based on independent ideologies,
with Ghana basing its policies on
Nkrumahism, outlined in the book written by
Kwame Nkrumah,
Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for Decolonization,
and with Libya basing its policies on the Third
Universal Theory, outlined in the
The Green Book, written by
Mummar Qathafi. Both of these leaders expressed
independent thought and applied their history and
culture to guide their political and economic systems
with righteous and just principles such as
egalitarianism, collectivism, and humanism, which
develop equality and peace, contrary to wicked and
unjust ideas guiding U.S. and European imperialism such
as elitism, individualism, exploitation, and profit
motive, which creates class antagonism and constant war
and bloodshed.
Through an
independent ideology and socialism they both smashed not
only the material dependency on European manufactured
goods but also the immaterial dependency many African
leaders have for ideas from Europe and America. Both
Nkrumah and
Qathafi raised the living standard of the masses of
Africans in their countries to the highest level in all
of Africa with great achievements in free health care,
free education, accelerated infrastructural development
and technological advancement—this is why they are
attacking Qathafi just like Nkrumah.
Both governments
are
Pan Africanist, providing ideological direction,
leadership and resources to the struggle for a
continental government for Africa. Both Nkrumah and
Qathafi took control of the resources from European
imperialist states with Ghana and Libya taking over gold
mines, banks, oil wells, and many other African
resources for the development of African people, and
away from the control of the capitalist profit motive.
Nkrumah’s Enemies are Qathafi’s
Enemies
Both Nkrumah’s
Ghana and
Qathafi’s Libya have been under constant
attack from U.S. and European imperialism with sanctions
and CIA subversive activity with the aim of
destabilization and regime change, even both leaders
have survived assassination attempts, with the aim of
turning revolutionary Pan
African and socialist states
into neo-colonial vassal states. Counter
revolutionaries have been sponsored in both Nkrumah’s
Ghana and
Qathafi’s Libya, in Ghana the U.S. CIA
sponsored the National Liberation Movement (NLM) and
National Liberation Council (NLC), the political and
military arms of tribal, sectarian, and reactionary
movements, to launch violent attacks against civilians
to terrorize the population into submitting their
resources to
neocolonialism and to destroy the continental base
and leading force for Pan
Africanist.
In Libya the
National Transitional Council is launching an armed
rebellion and targeting Black Africans, attempting to
break the bonds established by Nasser and Nkrumah. They
are targeting Black Africans to destabilize and isolate
Libya, attack African unity by trying to create a rift
between Black and Arab. This is nothing but
George Bush’s so called
war-on-terror strategy guided by Obama and
Africom. This Libyan rebellion is counter
revolutionary; backed by U.S., British, French, and
Canadian
imperialism. It is xenophobic, tribalistic,
sectarian, selfish and foolish, and of course backed by
a military invasion of Africa by imperialist military
forces of NATO, all of who are involved in wars in other
parts of the world for oil.
With these
similarities we can conclude the target of Obama’s U.S.
imperialist bombing attack is to wipe out Pan
Africanism and
socialism in Africa and enthrone U.S.
neocolonialism, to arm rob a divided Africa with Africom of its mineral resources with the full
complicity of myopic and reactionary terrorized, greedy,
and selfish, reactionary puppet leaders.
From the historical
facts, it suggests that European imperialism views
Africa as one with regards to the exploitation of its
resources. There is no Arab North Africa so far as
their interest is concerned. Consequently, the
deduction Kwame Nkrumah made in the first Conference of
Independent African States is just as clear today as it
was in 1958:
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Today we are one.
If in the past the Sahara divided us, now it
unites us. And an injury to one is an
injury to all of us. From this
conference must go out a new message.
Hands off Africa! Africa must be Free! |
Obama a House Slave Turns
International Terrorist
Therefore, Obama’s
bombing Libya under the guise of protecting citizens of
Libya, while killing citizens of Libya, is
international
state terrorism, and every African state and progressive
and revolutionary African organization and freedom
loving sovereign state must align themselves to stop
Obama’s madness. His representation and doing the dirty
work of the European capitalist class knows no bounds.
He is the 21st century house slave who is the only head
of State in the annals of history that is defending a
constitution which defines his wife and children as 3/5
of a human being. And with a pen stroke of the U.S.
Supreme Court his family and in-laws can be reduced to
second class citizenship (slavery).
This is the kind of
democracy from a
settler colonial state, standing on the
blood of tens of millions of indigenous people, that
Obama wants to export into Africa and around the world.
With the bombing of Africa, the entire world can see
that the mask has been pulled off of Obama, and he is no
political messiah or
Noble Peace Prize winner. The face
that we see is a blood thirsty war mongering murderer
terrorist, who is engaged in four wars killing innocent
women, children and babies so as to steal their
country’s, resources on behalf of European imperialism.
The question
remains, when Israel was murdering thousands of
Palestinians for a month in
Gaza in 2009, where was
Obama? Why didn’t Obama establish a no-fly zone over
Israel to protect Palestinians who are being bombed by
Israeli jets currently? In fact, Obama encouraged the
killing of Palestinians on behalf of the Israeli
Zionists, the same as his purposeful murdering of
Libyans/Africans, Iraqis, Pakistanis, and Afghanistanis.
Obama is an enemy of Africa and humanity and the U.S. is
the greatest threat to world peace and security.
How can the U.S.
claim to protect the lives of Libyan citizens, when
hundreds of thousands of Iraqi citizens have been killed
as a result of two wars and there are millions of Iraqi
refugees in neighboring Arab countries, hundreds of
thousands of Afghan citizens have lost their lives from
U.S. bombing, and Pakistani citizens who have lost their
lives as a result of U.S. drone missile attacks.
The
U.S. can’t even protect Africans who are in the U.S. as
citizens because their citizenship is tenuous, they’re
terrorized and anyone of them can be murdered
justifiably by white policemen or a white mob.
Settler Colonialism and Genocide
America is a
settler colonial state with all the corresponding
characteristics: racism, genocide, occupation,
exploitation, reactionary ideology, unjust laws and
double standards, religious justification, class
divisions, aggression, arrogance, immorality, and
hypocrisy. Obama is a descendant of Africans from Kenya
and European settlers. This means he is not indigenous
to the Americas. What many people fail to analyze about
Obama because of his deceptive façade and imperialist
propaganda is that Obama is at the Head of a
settler
colonial state with all the corresponding
characteristics attached to himself and his policies.
Obama as the President of America does not begin in
Kenya; he begins in 1607, with the first British
settlement of Jamestown on the land of the
Powhatan
Confederacy.
His foreign policy
started with the mass murder of the indigenous people,
by bloodthirsty white supremacists, who committed no
other crime than to allow starving Europeans into their
land to find food, shelter, and friendship. These
European decided to exterminate the indigenous
population based on the white supremacist doctrine of
“manifest destiny.” They recognized the “natural” but
not the “civil” rights of the indigenous people to their
land, with natural rights not recognized in the U.K/U.S.
settler colonial courts. They imposed laws of armed
land theft, war, and
genocide, such as the
Indian
Removal Act of 1831 and the Northwest ordinance, waging
countless wars of genocide with biological warfare
(putting smallpox infected blankets inside the
indigenous populations) and naked terrorism (paying
money for indigenous people’s scalps). Obama is just a
continuation of the ideology and practice of the
genocidal and warmongering system of American
state terrorism, now on a worldwide scale—without changing its
spots.
Qathafi Fights for Humanity
Qathafi, in sharp
contrast to Obama, after leading the Libyan masses to
take control over Libya’s wealth from U.S. and European
capitalist oil companies and military bases developed
principled relationships and alliances with oppressed
people throughout the world fighting against tyranny,
oppression, and exploitation, for their rights as human
beings. This can be demonstrated by the principled
relationship of Qathafi and the
Jamahariya to the
organized forces of the Indigenous People of the Western
Hemisphere. Many indigenous nations began coming to
Libya for support since the late 1970s and by 1988, from
30 January to 2 February, the “First International
Conference for the Liberation of the Indigenous Nations
of the Americas,” was held in Libya. This conference
was hosted by the Libyan Peace Committees and attended
by 163 Indigenous leaders from Canada, the U.S., Central
and South America, to form a United Front for Liberation
of the Indigenous People of the Western hemisphere.
In 1991, Libya
continued its strong support for the Indigenous people
of the Americas, with the International People’s
Committee awarding them the, “Qathafi Prize for Human
Rights.” Qathafi has consistently supported the
Palestinians, awarding them the “Qathafi Prize for Human
Rights,” in 1990, for their struggle against Israeli
zionism/settler
colonialism and genocide while Obama
arms Israel to the teeth to drop bombs on women and
children in Gaza. While watching silently with tacit
approval, he illegally claims
East Jerusalem for the
Israeli Zionist.
Qathafi supports Africa’s struggle
against
settler colonialism and genocide in South
Africa, Zimbabwe, and
Namibia, awarding the “Qathafi
Prize for Human rights” to
Nelson Mandela in 1989 while
he was languishing in an apartheid prison cell and
supporting
Mugabe and
Zanu-PF against U.S./U.K.
sanctions designed to punish them for defeating the
white supremacist settler state Rhodesia.
While Obama attacks
freedom fighters and continues the use of the weapons of
sanctions, arms supply, and international propaganda to
maintain as much land and resources under the control of
the European settlers in Southern Africa for white
supremacy and
settler colonialism as he can.
Qathafi
supports the struggle of the Indigenous People of the
Western Hemisphere while Obama represses their
liberation movement through the
Bureau of Indian Affairs
in North America and targets their leadership in Central
and South America with the CIA and U.S. military, like
the seven military bases the U.S. is occupying in
Columbia, and the U.S. attacks against the Indigenous
President of Bolivia,
Evo Morales.
Qathafi is a freedom
fighter for human dignity, integrity, value, equality,
and peace, while Obama is the capitalist class 21st
century house slave and agent of genocide, war, and
international state terrorism.
Continuing Nkrumah’s Legacy
We are of the firm
opinion that
Mummar Qathafi is the leading Pan
Africanist and socialist at the Head of State level in
Africa. He has formally proposed a “United States of
Africa” in the African Union at the level of the Heads
of State, calling for a common citizenship, passport,
and foreign policy, elimination of artificial colonial
boundaries, central bank and common currency, President,
and military high command. He was elected Chairman of
the African Union by the African Heads of State. He was
the driving force behind the changing of the
Organization of African Unity (OAU) to the African Union
(AU) and Libya hosted the meeting in Sirte for the
African nations to declare they are united in an African
Union. Qathafi has openly stated he is fighting to
implement the objective of
Osagyefo Kwame Nkrumah
which is a continental government with a socialist
economic system—Pan
Africanism.
Qathafi has given
all kinds of support to Africans fighting for liberation
throughout the entire continent of Africa and throughout
the entire world. He has openly attacked
imperialism,
neocolonialism, and racism in word and with concrete
action; particularly support for indigenous national
liberation movements against
settler
colonial state
occupation. Libya has been socialist from the beginning
of the 1st September 1969 revolution led by
Mummar Qathafi . The means of production in Libya, particularly
the oil wealth, belongs to the masses of the people and
is used to provide their needs. Libya has the highest
standard of living in all of Africa. The Libyan people
receive free water, electricity, education, health care,
and enjoy human dignity and integrity, under their
socialist economic system. Libya nationalized their oil
from capitalist corporations from the U.S., Britain, and
Italy, and made it the collective property of the masses
of the people.
Libya has withstood
sanctions, CIA sabotage, and military attacks from
American imperialism; even assassination attempts on
Qathafi and his family, and still maintained socialism,
mass ownership, and control of their resources, and
support for Pan
Africanism, liberation movements
throughout Africa and the world, while fighting against
all forms of injustice. Libya has no homelessness, no
joblessness, with no class controlling the needs of
others. Libya has removed U.S. and British military
bases from its soil and placed the nation’s resources
under the full control of the people’s armed forces.
Obama’s Contempt for the African
Masses
We call on all
Africans and freedom loving people worldwide to fight
against this attack on Africa “by any means necessary”
to uphold Libya as a Pan
Africanist and socialist
state. Obama and his masters, the capitalist class,
will fail, and everyone will discover he is a prostitute
and not a virgin. He lived in Chicago with massive
African homelessness, abject poverty, and insecurity—he
even writes about it in his book. He does nothing about
the mass African homelessness, mass unemployment, mass
illiteracy, drug epidemic, rampant homicides, moral
decadence, racism against Africans, murders of Africans
by police, and unequal wealth distribution, elitism, and
opulence in the midst of extreme poverty and
hopelessness.
Obama presides over
the inhuman treatment of Africans in America by the
white supremacist
settler
colonial state; even
condemning Africans for demanding reparations for the
crime against humanity of their enslavement. He does
this while coming to Africa to bomb the country with the
highest standard of living in all of Africa; a country
with a leader who denounced the enslavement of Africans
as a crime and demanded reparations for its victims.
Obama has become the enemy of Africans worldwide with
his bombing of mother Africa!
The U.S. invasion
of Libya is a continuation of the
Trans-Atlantic Slave
Raid,
colonialism, and
neocolonialism. All of these
“crimes against humanity” by the United States and their
European allies have been going on for 500 years with
impunity. Criminals and murderers cannot be allowed to
keep their stolen property—be it human or material. We
are therefore calling on all Africans to seize all
properties and assets and liberate them from these
countries invading Africa and dropping bombs on Libya to
steal Africa’s oil. The U.S., Britain, France, Canada,
Italy, and all other countries who have committed
“crimes against humanty” against African people cannot
keep resources in Africa while they invade, bomb,
murder, and steal in Africa. It is time for Africans to
take our resources from imperialism while one of our
strongest sons,
Mummar Qathafi , is standing up defiantly
to them. This includes gold, diamonds, timber, oil,
bauxite, manganese, buildings, and all other assets,
properties, and resources in Africa.
The African masses are watching the
leaders of Africa and the African world and will judge
the way they confront this U.S. military invasion of
Africa, especially those with U.S. troops in their
territories and who have made military pacts with
Africom.
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Victory to Qathafi!
Victory to Libya!
Victory to Pan Africanism!
Victory to Socialism!
Victory to the African
Revolution! |
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Responsibility of a Pan-African Socialist
A speech by
Osagyefo / Osagyefo
on African Renaissance
The
Wealth of the West Was
Built on Africa's Exploitation
(Richard Drayton)
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Africa Is Burning Forum
NYC
Emergency Forum on American Led War on Africa
March 27, 2011
Contact: Baba John Watusi Branch OR Minister P.D.
Menelik Harris
WADUPAM/718-523-3312
JAMAICA, NY. As the
African Union continues the call for foreign
intervention to halt in Libya, Africa, African Diaspora
leaders are planning to meet in Jamaica, NY in an
emergency forum called “Africa is Burning”. The forum
will be addressed by Dr. Molefi K. Asante, a leader of
Afrocentricity International and a member of WADU
Executive Support Council. The meeting is a response to
the assault against Libya by U.S./European powers to
promote their economic interests in Africa, to undermine
the African Union attempt to establish a unified
self-determined Africa and to promote European way of
life as the supreme over other peoples of the world.
The forum will also
give a frank assessment of the American led war against
Africa. The U.S. is also conducting other major military
campaigns against other Black and Brown people in the
world with former Western colonial powers. America with
its longstanding slavery and colonial experiences and
now with a Black President should be a model for the
struggle for justice in the world. However, it
continues to trample on the rights of weaker nations of
the world with the full activation of the modern high
tech Anglo-American war machine. Like the slave raids on
Africa over several centuries, this war driven to
promote the interests of corporate greed, will continue
over for years to send children of former enslaved
Africans and the sons and daughters of Europe, to fight
unjust wars in Africa and other parts of the world.
The attack on
Africa was supported by key members of United Nations
Security Council which is dominated by former colonial
powers such as the U.S., Europe, members of the Arab
League and a few unfortunate members of the African
Union. The Security Council resolution which called for
a no-fly-zone is a cover for the European military to
implement their longstanding plan to reenter Africa to
disrupt, divide and dominate key resource areas of
Africa as a way to facilitate the reestablishment of
their empire loss after committing genocide against each
other during WW11. Unlike, the 19th century nationalist
dogmatic and ravenous crave for wealth that drove them
to self-destruct in both World War 1 and WW11, they are
now unified in the 21st century as one powerful European
capitalist block.
The meeting
organize by WADU-NY is to continue in the tradition and
exemplary leadership provided by the Pan African
Movement after the formal ending of chattel slavery over
a century ago. Pan Africnaists have consistently fought
unconditionally to support our African Motherland to
promote human rights, justice and freedom. Early African
nationalist leaders such as Reverend Henry Highland
Garnet, Bishop Henry McNeil Turner, Dr. Martin Delany
M.D., and Harriet Tubman are examples of those who
fought in the American Civil War to end chattel slavery.
They and those like Booker T. Washington, Dr. W. E. B.
Du Bois and Reverend Edward Blyden initiated the Pan
African Movement following the formal enslavement of
Africans in the late 19th century.
The meeting in NYC
is also a follow-up to the recent emergency meeting by
key Pan African leaders in Georgia and other parts of
the world. Pan African Diaspora leaders are calling for
the following actions to be implemented:
1. Immediate
cessation of military assault on Libya by air, land, and
sea;
2. Implement
the United States of Africa and the African High Command
as a Pan African government and military command and
control structure for the full integration and
protection of Africa;
3. All people
of goodwill and Black communities to engage in
continuous civil actions and mass demonstrations across
the world against the military invasion of Libya as a
priority phase for the re-colonization of Africa;
4. African
Union leaders to eliminate all foreign military bases,
including Africom and other European bases in Africa;
and
5. The African
Diaspora community leaders are urging the African Union
to implement plans for the African Diaspora to gain
dual-citizenship as a way to strengthen the resolve of
the African Diaspora to invest and promote a sustainable
and empowered 21st century Africa.
Other leaders like
Omowale Clay of December the 12th Movement will
participate and a representative from the African Union
is also invited to update the Diaspora at this forum.
For more information on the “Africa is Burning” forum on
Thursday, April 7, 2011 in NYC, please contact
718-523-3312 or WADUPAM.ORG.
posted 27 March 2010
*
* * * *
Africans
Beware the Saviors of Libya /
US Senate discusses sending troops to Libya
|
Africans and the Industrial Revolution in
England
A Study in International Trade and Economic
Development
By
Joseph E. Inikori
Inikori's big book dispels any lingering
doubts about the important part played by
overseas trade in stimulating the innovation
and enterprise that underpinned Britain's
Industrial Revolution and makes a welcome
attempt to add precision to our
understanding of the linkages between
slavery, Atlantic commerce, and long-run
economic change.—Nuala
Zahedieh, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, Scotland, International
Journal of Maritime History
Professor Inikori's ambitious book stressing
the pivotal contribution of Africans
(especially enslaved Africans) to England's
industrialization is certain to persuade
many readers. His thesis is provocative and
may be relevant to contemporary political
debates in the United States . . a book that
merits very close attention.—John
Singleton, Victoria University of
Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand,
International Journal of Maritime History |
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The Great Divergence
China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern
World Economy
By
Kenneth Pomeranz
This
book makes, bar none, the biggest and most
important contribution to our new
understanding of the causes and mechanisms
that brought about the great divergence'
between the West and the rest of China in
particular. . . . An entirely new and
refreshing departure. Although he makes new
comparisons between Europe, China, Japan,
India, Southeast Asia, Pomeranz also
connects all these and more in a bold new
sweep that should immediately make all
previous and most contemporary related work
obsolescent.—Andre
Gunde Frank, Journal of Asian Studies
This book is very important and will have to
be taken seriously by anyone who thinks that
explaining the Industrial Revolution . . .
is crucial to our understanding of the
modern world. . . . [A] book so rich that
fresh insights emerge from virtually every
page.—Robert
B. Marks, American Historical Review |
Exhaustively
researched and brilliantly argued. . . . Suffice it to
say that The Great Divergence is undoubtedly one of the
most sophisticated and significant pieces of cliometric
scholarship to be published of late, especially in the
field of world history.—
Edward R. Slack, Jr.,
Journal of World History
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